A. Withdrawn |
Paranoid | Suspicious, oversensitive, argumentative, defensive, hyperalert, cold and humourless |
Schizoid | Shy, emotionally cold, introverted, detached, avoids close relationships |
Schizotypal | Odd and eccentric, sensitive, suspicious and superstitious, socially isolated. Falls short of criteria for schizophrenia |
B. Antisocial |
Antisocial (sociopathic) | Impulsive, insensitive, selfish, callous, superficial charm, lack of guilt, relationship problems (e.g. promiscuous), lack of self-control |
Histrionic (hysterical) | Self-dramatic, egocentric, immature, vain, dependent, manipulative, easily bored, emotional scenes, seductive |
Narcissistic (‘prima donna’) | Morbid self-admiration, exhibitionist, grandiose, insensitive, craves and demands attention, exploits others, preoccupied with power, lacks interest and empathy in others |
Borderline (BPD) | Confused self-image, impulsive, reckless, unstable relationships, damaging and reckless behaviour, full of inappropriate anger and guilt, fear of abandonment, lacks self-control ± uncontrolled gambling, spending, etc. |
| Note: High incidence suicide and parasuicide; drug abuse |
C. Dependent (anxious, fearful, inhibited) |
Avoidant (anxious) | Anxious, self-conscious, fears rejection, timid and cautious, low self-esteem, overreacts to rejection and failure, fearful |
Dependent | Passive, weak willed, lacks vigour, lacks self-reliance and confidence, overaccepting, avoids responsibility, seeks support |
Obsessional (obsessive–compulsive) | Rigid, perfectionist, pedantic, indecisive, egocentric |
D. Other (unofficial categories) Passive–aggressive | Procrastinates, childishly stubborn, dawdles, sulks, argumentative, clings, deliberately inefficient and hypercritical of authority figures |
Hypochondrial | Health-conscious, disease fearing, symptom preoccupation |
Depressive (dysthymic, cyclothymic) | Pessimistic, anergic, low self-esteem, gloomy, chronic mild depression |