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The multiplication of bacteria or fungi in the blood, usually causing a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS is defined as 2 or more of (in adults):
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temperature >38°C or <36°C
respiratory rate >20/min.
heart rate >90/min.
WCC >12 × 109/L or <4 × 109/L
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Septic shock is acute circulatory failure—hypotension and peripheral shut down—cool extremities, mottled skin, possible rash, cyanosis. Patients with septicaemia require urgent referral. Empirical initial treatment in adults (after blood cultures) is di(flu)cloxacillin IV and gentamicin IV.