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This is defined as age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass with low muscle strength and physical performance. Apart from ageing, it is a result of illness, sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. It is associated with increased disability, poor hand-grip strength, slow walking speed, susceptibity to infection, falls and fracture risk. In the presence of obesity, there is an increased impact on musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic health. Treatment strategies include exercise, especially resistance training, protein supplements in diet and vitamin D.