Hiccoughs (Hiccups)

Simple brief episodes (possible options):

• Valsalva manoeuvre

• rebreathing air in paper bag (as for hyperventilation)

• breath holding

• sucking ice/swallowing iced water

• catheter inserted quickly in and out of nose or nasopharynx

• pressure on the eyeballs

Persistent (assuming exclusion of organic diseases):

• chlorpromazine orally or IV or IM or

• sodium valproate

Consider acupuncture, hypnosis or phrenic nerve block.