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Dysuria, or painful micturition, which is characterised mainly by urethral and suprapubic discomfort, indicates mucosal inflammation of the lower genitourinary tract (i.e. the urethra, bladder or prostate). It is most common in women aged 15–44 yrs.
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Although urinary tract infections account for the majority of cases of dysuria in women, vaginitis and postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis can cause dysuria.
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Basic investigations include:
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dipstick testing of urine
microscopy and culture (midstream specimen of urine or suprapubic puncture), and PCR urine testing for sexually transmitted diseases, esp. chlamydia
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Further investigations depend on initial findings and referral for detailed investigation will be necessary if the primary cause cannot be found.