Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ CAUSES ++ Cardiac myocardial infarction, esp. ‘silent’ Aortic stenosis Paroxysmal arrhythmia, e.g. Stokes–Adams attack/POTS Carotid sinus syncope Epilepsy—various Vasovagal attacks (faints)—reflex syncope Drop attacks incl. orthostatic intolerance Haemorrhagic shock, e.g. stomach haemorrhage Overwhelming infection, e.g. septicaemia Cerebrovascular—TIAs, stroke, vertebrobasilar Micturition syncope Respiratory/hypoxia, e.g. choking, cough syncope, breath holding Severe pain, e.g. migrainous syncope Hypoglycaemia Drugs, e.g. alcohol, opioids, antihypertensives Psychogenic incl. hyperventilation Hypoxia Your Access profile is currently affiliated with [InstitutionA] and is in the process of switching affiliations to [InstitutionB]. Please select how you would like to proceed. Keep the current affiliation with [InstitutionA] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Switch affiliation to [InstitutionB] and continue with the Access profile sign in process Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Error: Incorrect UserName or Password Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Sign in Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth You already have access! Please proceed to your institution's subscription. Create a free profile for additional features.