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MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE
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Temperature can be measured by many methods. These include the following thermometers:
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mercury thermometer
digital electronic pacifier
digital peak hold LED thermometer
digital infrared aural
electronic probe
forehead thermometer (temporal area).
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The favoured general instruments for oral and rectal use are the digital peak hold and mercury thermometers, although the mercury type is now less popular and not favoured for infant use by the American Academy of Pediatricians.
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Table 18.1 gives a basic guide to interpreting the temperature values obtained.
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The mercury thermometer
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Before use, shake down to 35–36°C.
After use:
shake down and store in antiseptic
do not run under hot water
wipe rectal thermometers with alcohol and store separately.
Recording time is 3 minutes orally, 1 to 2 minutes rectally.
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Place under the tongue at the junction of the base of the tongue and the floor of the mouth to one side of the frenulum—the ‘heat pocket’.
Ensure that the mouth is kept shut.
Remove dentures.
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Note: Unsuitable for children 4 years and under, especially if irritable.
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A suitable route for babies and young children under the age of 4.1
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Lubricate the stub with petroleum jelly.
Insert for 2–3 cm (1 inch).
Keep the thermometer between the flexed fingers with the hand resting on the buttocks (Fig. 18.1).
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Although unreliable, it is practical for young children and gives a helpful guide. If used it should be placed high in the axilla for 3 minutes.1
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This route is not ideal but is more reliable than the axilla. It closely approximates oral temperature.
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In infants, the thigh should be flexed against the abdomen.
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Mainly used as an adjunct to the assessment of ovulation during the menstrual cycle. Should be placed deeply in the vagina for 5 minutes before leaving the bed in the morning.
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Digital peak hold thermometer
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